Audience

• An individual or collective group of people who consume a type of media. (Radio listeners, television watchers, subscribers, fandoms)
• Media wouldn't exist without an audience to profit off of. Media attempts to attract multiple audiences and is a lot more competitive for fans.
• Free apps where you can view media often contains adverts that can only be removed by a paywall (unless AdBlock's are used). 
• These adverts are carefully constructed and selected by search engines to appeal to what type of media an audience consumes (if your watching a video about cooking, you have a high chance of being advertised cooking utensils.)

Fragmented audience

• Old media (Tv, radio, print) which used to have a high audience, due to a lack of on demand content, now have to work harder to maintain an audience. 
• Digital technologies has also led to an increase in uncertainty over how to define an audience, as instead of it being one large audience, it's a range of multiple audiences with different interest to count with (this is known as a fragmented audience).
• This is tackled by Mainstream audiences which is media that applies to a wide range of people. Blockbusters, video games and tv shows distributed by mostly large conglomerates or even worldwide.

A mass audience is a board audience of people who consume popular or mainstream content such as soaps or sitcom. This type of media targets a very large group of people (women, men, families, adults).

The Sun is a popular, mainstream magazine / newspaper company that releases general news about social outgoings. This targets a mainstream audience because it's based on topics everyone knows about, especially since it's based in the UK making it regional and even more mainstream. This cover, as an example, includes a picture of the queen and British river, which are very British characteristics that even younger people who take a glance will know. 

A niche audience is a much smaller but very influential and committed community of people who have a very unique interest (bird, stamp and angler magazines). These groups are very small and consist of explorers.

Birdwatch is a niche magazine series that targets bird fans or people interested in birdwatching. This audience is immediately intrigued by the big picture of the bird on the cover, drawing people in with its cuteness.

Group A

Lawyers- Drama TV, crime documentaries

Scientists- Science fiction, non-fiction books 

Doctors- Newspapers, realty TV

Group B

Teachers- Comedy TV

Middle management- News

Very well paid professionals- Very well paid professional magazines

Group C1

Nurses- ASMR

Bank clerks- Classical music

"White collar' professionals- Crime TV

Group C2

Electricians- Work music

Plumbers- Rock and Roll music

Carpenters- Country

'Blue collar' professions- Mainstream music

Group D

Drivers- Radio music

Post sorters- Rap

Manual workers- Casual TV

Group E

Students- Indie media

Unemployed- Reality TV

Pensioners- Old TV, classical music

Traditional and digital methods can be utilized together to create cross-media campaigns. Films, video games and a verity of traditional and digital methods are used to promote products.

Demographic

• When media producers study the breakdown of their target audience based on variables such as age, ethnicity, culture, gender and sexuality.
• NRS (National Readership Survey) social grades are audiences grouped based on their jobs and class. Although it was developed over 50 years ago, it's still relevant with publishing and print industries that classify their audience this way, to this day.